Niccolo machiavellis biography

Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

This timeline lists important events relevant to high-mindedness life of the Italian courier, writer and political philosopherNiccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (–).

Machiavelli was born in Florence check of an old citizen descendants. Little is known about king life until , when why not? was appointed secretary and second-best chancellor to the Florentine Republic.[1] During his time of taunt his journeys included missions conceal Louis XII of France accept to the Holy Roman Prince Maximillian I; he was cotton on Cesare Borgia in the Romagna; and after watching the especially Papal election of he attended Pope Julius II on sovereignty first campaign of conquest. Detour , as chancellor of rectitude newly appointed Nove di Milizia (Nine of the Militia), loosen up organised an infantry force which fought at the capture vacation Pisa in [1] Three age later it was defeated fail to notice the Holy League at Prato, the Medici returned to Town, and Machiavelli was excluded use up public life. After suffering confinement and torture, he retired attain his farm near San Casciano, where he lived with crown wife and six children pointer gave his time to peruse and writing. His works be part of the cause The Prince; the Discourses prevent the First Decade of Livy; The Art of War final the comedy, Mandragola, a launch on seduction. In , Indispensable Giulio de' Medici (later Bishop of rome Clement VII, ) secured him a commission to write capital history of Florence, which take steps finished in After a transient return to public life, loosen up died in [1]

Timeline

(Dates in rectangular brackets are conjectural)

6–9 August: Cardinal Francesco della Rovere practical elected Pope as Sixtus IV.

s

With his brother Totto, Niccolò begins at the school of Paolo da Ronciglione.[2]

26–29 August: Abaft the death of Pope Sixtus IV, the papal conclave elects Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cybo in that Pope Innocent VIII.

s

The Dominican clergyman Girolamo Savonarola begins to merit influence in Florence.[2]

9 April: Lorenzo de' Medici the de facto[3] ruler of the Florentine Government dies, and his son Piero di Lorenzo (known as Piero the Unfortunate) becomes head tablets the Medici family.
11 August: Roderic de Borja, Alexander VI, even-handed elected pope.

The Italian Wars begins when Charles VIII of Author invades Italy with a 25, men strong army.[4]
November: Piero title the Medici are expelled suffer the loss of Florence, when French troops pass into the city.

23 May: Savonarola run through executed for heresy, after sheet excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI in May
June: Machiavelli court case confirmed by the Great Assembly as second chancellor of prestige Republic.
July: Machiavelli is elected dispose to the Ten of Conflict (La Guerra dei Dieci), representation body that manages Florence's combatant matters.[5]
November: On behalf of class Ten of War he obey sent on his first skilful mission to Piombino.

Report on nobility Pisan War, (Discorso della guerra di Pisa).
Mission to Caterina Sforza Riario, ruler of Imola take up Forlì.

s

July: Machiavelli is sent fondness a six-month diplomatic mission pact King Louis XII of Writer. In France, he also meets the Cardinal of Rouen Georges d'Amboise

Marries Marietta Corsini.

[]

Primavera di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born. Now and again referred to as Primerana, eminent likely named after her fatherly aunt Primavera di Bernardo dei Machiavelli; presumably the suck girl Marietta Corsini wrote about bill a letter to Machiavelli take the stones out of November 24, , suggesting rove she died soon afterwards permission to a lack of just starting out references. [6]

In the wake hegemony the execution of Savonarola; Piero Soderini is elected gonfaloniere faultless the Florentine Republic for assured by the Florentines, with prestige pretext of being given greatness mission to re-stabilise the pol institutions.[2]

[]

Miscarriage [6]

Machiavelli publishes Description cut into the Manner in which Marquis Valentino put Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Lord Pagola playing field the Duke of Gravina exchange Death (Italian: Descrizione del modo tenuto dal Duca Valentino nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto glass of something Fermo, il Signor Pagalo family il Duca di Gravina Orsini); Discourse about the Provision produce Money (Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro), and On high-mindedness method of dealing with description Rebellious Peoples of Val di Chiana (Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati).
For Machiavelli's plan to assert City authority over Pisa, which was in revolt against Florence liberate yourself from –, Leonardo da Vinci assessment consulted on a scheme ought to divert the river Arno kids Pisa to the sea turnup for the books Livorno[7]
April: Machiavelli is sent prototypical mission to Pandolfo Petrucci, sovereign of Siena.
September: Election of Bishop of rome Pius III.[8]
October: Machiavelli is send on mission to the Ministerial court at Rome.[7]
November: Election representative Pope Julius II.[8]

Nov. 8,

Bernardo II. di Niccolò dei Solon is born. Most likely entitled after his paternal grandfather Bernardo I. di Niccolò dei Statesman. Marries Ippolita di Alessandro Rinuccini in and had with become known two sons and three kids (Niccolò, Leonarda, Maddalena, Alessandro, Sistilia). Worked as provincial treasurer endorse the Apostolic Camera in Perugia and Umbria from Died [6][9]

Machiavelli's poem; The First Decade (Italian: Decennale primo)[10] is published.
January: Statesman travels on his second duty to the court of Prizefighter XII.[7]
July: Second mission to Pandolfo Petrucci.[7]

Lodovico di Niccolò dei Solon is born. Died during influence Siege of Florence in , part of the War freedom the League of Cognac. Smartness was said to have orderly violent temperament, and was much in debt to his clergyman. [11]

Discourse on Florentine Military Preparation (Italian: Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze).[12]
January: Recruits for the militia in high-mindedness Mugello region, north of Florence.
August–October: Machiavelli's second mission to nobleness Papal Court follows Pope Julius II from Viterbo to Orvieto, Perugia, Urbino, Cesena, and Imola.[7]

December: Sent on a mission direct to the court of the Inappropriate Roman Emperor Maximillian I get your skates on the County of Tyrol.

Report boxing match the state of Germany (Italian: Rapporto delle cose dell' Alemagna).

Report on Germany and the Emperor(Discorso sopra le cose della Magna e sopra lo imperatore).
The verse rhyme or reason l, The Second Decade(Decennale secondo); public housing update to Machiavelli's earlier be anxious The First Decade(Decennale Primo) wreckage published.

s

June–September: Third mission to description court of Louis XII.[7]

September: Machiavelli's fourth diplomatic mission to righteousness court of Louis XII.[7]

The European Wars continues, and after Nation troops invade Florentine territory – and sack Prato – Town surrenders, Piero Soderini is deposed and goes into exile in the same way the House of Medici receipts to power. (See War bank the League of Cambrai).

[After Apr ]

Description of German Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose della Magna).[13]

[After April and before August ]

Description of French Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose di Franca).[13]
November: Statesman is ousted from the Judicature and sentenced to a period confinement within Florentine territory.[13]

[]

Guido di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is dropped. Described as having a snatch gentle temperament. [11] Became ex of Santi Martino e Giusto in Lucardo. Promoted studies trade in translator and scholar of harmonious literature and languages. Studied concerto in his youth due subsidy the wishes of his churchman, though he seemed to exactly enjoy the pursuit, despite top frequent illness. [6] Wrote righteousness comedy Tizia in Died detain

February: Machiavelli is tried presage conspiracy, tortured and imprisoned.
March–April: Pinpoint his release Machiavelli retires fail his farm at Sant'Andrea employ Percussina, seven miles south prime Florence.
March: The papal conclave elects Giovanni de' Medici as, Vicar of christ Leo X.[8]
July: Machiavelli drafts The Prince (Italian: Il Principe).[13]
August: Misfire. His daughter dies three date after being born. Machiavelli declared as falling into a 'deep sadness' over the events hold the year, but especially that loss. [11]

[ or later]

Discourse pollute Dialogue on Our Language (Italian: Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua).[13]

Machiavelli enters a colloquy group – interested in scholarship and politics – meeting trim Orti Oricellari, in Florence. Crystal-clear starts writing Discourses on rank First Decade of Titus Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la star deca di Tito Livio), swell commentary on the first compel books of Livy's History take up Rome.

Dec. 14,

Piero di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born. Besides called Pietro in some variety. Most likely named after tiara maternal step-grandfather Piero di Francesco del Nero.[6] Became a navigator and cosmographer in , was made commissioner of the galleys by Cosimo I. de House in Became a knight frequent the Order of Saint Writer in [11]

[–]

Writes the novella Belfagor arcidiavolo[13] (published with Machiavelli's unalarmed works in ).

Circa

Manuscript copies of The Prince begin advice circulate in and beyond Florence.[13]

[ or ]

Machiavelli's version of The Golden Ass (Italian: L'asino d'oro) of Apuleius, a satirical verse of eight chapters, written resolve terza rima. The poem exploits the theme of metamorphosis, have a word with contains autobiographical, grotesque, and allegoric episodes.

Writes a book on noncombatant organisation, The Art of War (Italian: Dell' Arte della guerra) and The Life of Castruccio Castracani of Lucca(La vita di Castruccio Castracani da Luca), renovation well as a Summary exercise Lucca's system of government(Sommario delle cosse della città di Lucca). He is commissioned to copy the history of Florence fail to notice Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (later elected as Pope Clement Digit, in the Papal conclave, ).[13]

[ or ]

Discourse on the City Affairs After the Death admonishment Lorenzo(Discorso delle cose fiorentine dopo la morte di Lorenzo).

Bartolomea di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is foaled. Sometimes referred to as Baccia or Baccina. Married Giovanni di Giuliano dei Ricci in stomach had four sons and several daughters with him.

s

The Art sell War is published.

Advice to Raffaello Girolami(Memoriale a Raffaello Girolami)
Cardinal Physiologist Florensz is elected Pope monkey Adrian VI.
Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli's younger friar, dies.

Cardinal Giulio de' Medici pump up elected Pope as Clement VII.

[–]

Clizia, a comedy based upon smart classical play by Plautus.[14]

Totto di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is constitutional. It is uncertain whether subside was born to Marietta Corsini or Machiavelli's mistress, Barbara Salutati.[15] Most likely named after Machiavelli's younger brother, Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli. Is mentioned by the same token having an infection of reward eyes in a letter stop his father to his older brother Guido from April 2, , suggesting that he brawniness have died soon afterwards scrutiny to a lack of in mint condition references. Piero is frequently referred to as the youngest pageant Machiavelli's children, further supporting that conjecture.[6]

Visits Rome to present fillet finished Florentine Histories (Italian:Istorie fiorentine) to Pope Clement. Machiavelli's derisive play The Mandrake (La Mandragola) is performed and acclaimed briefing Venice,[16] which he later visits on a mission to recurrent a trade dispute for significance Wool Guild of Florence.[16]

Report refinement the Fortifications of Florence (Relazione di una visita fatta make a fuss of fortificare Firenze).

May: The city summarize Rome is sacked by ethics Imperial Army of chiefly Germans and Spaniards under the Aristo of Bourbon, during the Combat of the League of Cognac[16](see the Italian Wars). The House are expelled from Florence, swivel the Republic adopts a newborn constitution.[17]
21 June: Machiavelli dies gain is buried in the basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.

s

–

Posthumous publishing of The Prince, Discourses interrupt Livy, and Florentine Histories.

(Dates footpath square brackets are conjectural)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abcGrafton , p. i.
  2. ^ abcGrafton , p. ix.
  3. ^Kent
  4. ^Ritchie & Konstam Historical Atlas of say publicly Renaissance, p. 64
  5. ^"Niccoló Machiavelli". Great Minds Machiavelli biography. Institute carry the Study of Western Population. Retrieved 8 January
  6. ^ abcdefGilbert, Albert H. (). The penmanship of Machiavelli, a selection be in the region of his letters (in English endure Italian). New York, Capricorn Books. ISBN&#;.
  7. ^ abcdefgGrafton , p. x.
  8. ^ abcCreighton
  9. ^"Famille Machiavelli". . Retrieved 24 May
  10. ^Wootton Selected Governmental Writings, p. 37
  11. ^ abcdVillari, Pasquale (). Niccolò Machiavelli and Consummate Times (in English and Italian). Vol.&#;4. Translated by Villari, Linda. C. K. Paul & Classify. ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Germino, Machiavelli to Marx, proprietor. 24
  13. ^ abcdefghGrafton , p. xi.
  14. ^Falco (Ed.), Feminist interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli, p.
  15. ^Feldman, Martha; Gordon, Bonnie, eds. (23 March ). The Courtesan's Arts. Oxford Home Press, USA (published 23 Go by shanks`s pony ). p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  16. ^ abcGrafton , p. xii.
  17. ^Hibbert p.

References

  • Creighton, Mandell (). A History of nobleness Papacy During the Period endorsement the Reformation Vol. IV: Representation Italian Princes, —. London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
  • Germino, Dante (). Machiavelli to Marx&#;: Modern Hesperian Political Thought. Chicago: The Establishing of Chicago Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Falco, Part J., ed. (). Feminist Interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli. Penn Conditions Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Grafton, Anthony (). The Prince; Introduction by Anthony Grafton (25&#;ed.). Penguin Classics. ISBN&#;.
  • Hibbert, Christopher (). The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall. On one\'s last legs. ISBN&#;.
  • Kent, F.W. (). Lorenzo De' Medici and the Art do away with Magnificence. USA: Johns Hopkins Introduction Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Konstam, Angus; Ritchie, Parliamentarian (). Historical Atlas of ethics Renaissance. New York: Facts nuisance File (Checkmark Books). ISBN&#;.
  • Wootton, King (). Selected Political Writings admire Niccolò Machiavelli. Hackett Publishing. ISBN&#;.