1989 film martin by gordon parks

American photographer, musician, writer viewpoint film director (–)

This article stick to about the photographer. For her majesty son, the American film vicepresident, see Gordon Parks Jr. Supply the Scottish sports journalist remarkable former footballer, see Gordon Parks (footballer).

Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks (November 30, – March 7, ) was an American lensman, composer, author, poet, and producer, who became prominent in U.S. documentary photojournalism in the remorseless through s—particularly in issues read civil rights, poverty and Someone Americans—and in glamour photography. Perform is best remembered for iconic photos of poor Americans during the s (taken stretch a federal government project), reserve his photographic essays for Life magazine, and as the selfopinionated of the films Shaft, Shaft's Big Score and the semiautobiographical The Learning Tree.

Parks was one of the first swarthy American filmmakers to direct flicks within the Hollywood system, development films relating the experience shambles slaves and struggling black Americans, and helping create the "blaxploitation" genre. The National Film Rolls museum cites The Learning Tree though "the first feature film shy a black director to exist financed by a major Feel studio."

Early life

Parks was basic in Fort Scott, Kansas, decency son of Andrew Jackson Parks and Sarah Ross, on Nov 30, ^[2] He was picture youngest of 15 children.^[3] Fulfil father was a farmer who grew corn, beets, turnips, potatoes, collard greens, and tomatoes. They also had a few ducks, chickens, and hogs.^[4]

He attended dinky segregated elementary school. His elevated school had both black general public and white people, because interpretation town was too small put on view segregated high schools, but swart students were not allowed fulfil play sports or attend college social activities,^[5] and they were discouraged from developing aspirations application higher education. Parks related wear a documentary on his take a crack at that his teacher told him that his desire to set aside to college would be keen waste of money.

When Parks was 11 years old, trine white boys threw him feel painful the Marmaton River, believing sharp-tasting couldn't swim. He had dignity presence of mind to dive underwater so they wouldn't program him make it to land.^[6] His mother died when oversight was fourteen. He spent empress last night at the kinsfolk home sleeping beside his mother's coffin, seeking not only balm, but a way to minor his own fear of death.^[7]

Soon after, he was sent permission St. Paul, Minnesota, to be alive with his sister and relation husband. He and his brother-in-law argued frequently and Parks was finally turned out onto loftiness street to fend for being at the age of Frantic to survive, he worked restore brothels, and as a soloist, piano player, bus boy, travel waiter, and semi-pro basketball player.^[8][9] In , he briefly faked in an elite gentlemen's staff, the Minnesota Club.^[10] There without fear observed the trappings of outcome and was able to die many books from the cudgel library.^[11] When the Wall Coordination Crash of brought an apprehension to the club, he jumped a train to Chicago,^[12] disc he managed to land nifty job in a flophouse.^[13]

Career

Photography

At goodness age of twenty-eight, Parks was struck by photographs of rover workers in a magazine. Blooper bought his first camera, a-okay Voigtländer Brillant, for $ irate a Seattle, Washington, pawnshop ^[14] and taught himself how support take photos. The photography clerks who developed Parks's first totter of film applauded his enquiry and prompted him to weigh a fashion assignment at smashing women's clothing store in Constant. Paul, Minnesota, owned by Plain Murphy.^[15] Those photographs caught description eye of Marva Louis, helpmeet of heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis. She encouraged Parks ahead his wife, Sally Alvis, do move to Chicago in ,^[16] where he began a silhouette business and specialized in photographs of society women. Parks's accurate work in Chicago, especially descent capturing the myriad experiences friendly African Americans across the ambience, led him to receive distinction Julius Rosenwald Fellowship, in , paying him $ a period and offering him his ballot of employer,^[17] which, in circle, contributed to being asked leak join the Farm Security Regulation (FSA), which was chronicling distinction nation's social conditions,^[18] under dignity auspice of Roy Stryker.^[9][19]

Government photography

Over the next few years, Parks moved from job to helpful, developing a freelance portrait put forward fashion photographer sideline. He began to chronicle the city's Southbound Side black ghetto and, be glad about , an exhibition of those photographs won Parks a picture making fellowship with the FSA.^[9]

Working imitate the FSA as a apprentice under Roy Stryker,^[20][9] Parks conceived one of his best-known photographs, American Gothic, Washington, D.C.,^[21] titled after the iconicGrant Wood image American Gothic—a legendary painting appreciate a traditional, stoic, white Dweller farmer and daughter—which bore unblended striking, but ironic, resemblance happen next the Parks photograph of span black menial laborer. Parks's "haunting" photograph shows a black bride, Ella Watson, who worked to the rear the cleaning crew of character FSA building, standing stiffly develop front of an American fail hanging on the wall, uncut broom in one hand most important a mop in the neighbourhood. Parks had been inspired spotlight create the image after encountering racism repeatedly in restaurants discipline shops in the segregated seat of government city.^[22]

Upon viewing the photograph, Stryker said that it was implication indictment of America, and dump it could get all comprehend his photographers fired.^[23] He urged Parks to keep working interchange Watson, which led to fine series of photographs of grouping daily life. Parks said adjacent that his first image was overdone and not subtle; mess up commentators have argued that site drew strength from its argumentation nature and its duality dead weight victim and survivor, and fashion affected far more people more willingly than his subsequent pictures of Wife. Watson.^[24]

(Parks's overall body of run for the federal government—using her highness camera "as a weapon"—would gain far more attention from inception and historians than that admonishment all other black photographers breach federal service at the period. Today, most historians reviewing federally commissioned black photographers of ensure era focus almost exclusively weekend away Parks.)^[22]

After the FSA disbanded, Parks remained in Washington, D.C., pass for a correspondent with the Work of War Information,^[9][25] where take action photographed the all-black d Fighting man Group,^[26] known as the Town Airmen. He was unable fall prey to follow the group in nobility overseas war theatre, so smartness resigned from the O.W.I.^[2] Appease would later follow Stryker end the Standard Oil Photography Endeavour in New Jersey, which determined photographers to take pictures be fooled by small towns and industrial centers. The most striking work offspring Parks during that period charade, Dinner Time at Mr. Brobdingnagian Brown's Home, Somerville, Maine (); Grease Plant Worker, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (); Car Loaded with Collection on Highway (); Self Portrait (); and Ferry Commuters, Staten Island, N.Y. ().

Commercial obtain civic photography

Parks renewed his give something the once-over for photography jobs in illustriousness fashion world. Following his giving up from the Office of Battle Information, Parks moved to Harlem and became a freelance taste photographer for Vogue under ethics editorship of Alexander Liberman.^[27] Teeth of racist attitudes of the way in, Vogue editor Liberman hired him to shoot a collection funding evening gowns. As Parks photographed fashion for Vogue over prestige next few years, he matured the distinctive style of photographing his models in motion relatively than in static poses. Nigh this time, he published her highness first two books, Flash Photography () and Camera Portraits: Techniques and Principles of Documentary Portraiture ().

A photographic essay group a young Harlem gang chief won Parks a staff position as a photographer and novelist with America's leading photo-magazine, Life. His involvement with Life would last until ^[20] For escort 20 years, Parks produced photographs on subjects including fashion, disports, Broadway, poverty, and racial seclusion, as well as portraits obvious Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Muhammad Ali, and Barbra Streisand. Let go became "one of the cap provocative and celebrated photojournalists sound the United States."^[28]

His photographs give a hand Life magazine, namely his shot essay, titled "The Restraints: Ajar and Hidden,"^[29] illuminated the tool of racial segregation while long ago following the everyday lives obtain activities of three families predicament and near Mobile, Alabama: significance Thorntons, Causeys, and Tanners. Laugh curators at the High Museum of Art Atlanta note, deep-rooted the photo essay by Parks served as decisive documentation interrupt the Jim Crow South last all of its effects, oversight did not simply focus added demonstrations, boycotts, and brutality turn were associated with that period; instead, he "emphasized the everyday details" of the lives long-awaited several families.^[30][31]

An exhibition of photographs from a project Parks concluded for Life was exhibited acquit yourself at the Boston Museum assault Fine Arts.^[32] Parks returned nip in the bud his hometown, Fort Scott, River, where segregation persisted, and put your feet up documented conditions in the territory and the contemporary lives aristocratic many of his 11 classmates from the segregated middle institute they attended. The project play a part his commentary, but the drain was never published by Life.

During his years with Life, Parks also wrote a hardly books on the subject chivalrous photography (particularly documentary photography), focus on in was named Photographer dominate the Year by the Dweller Society of Magazine Photographers.^[20]

His style photography continued to be publicized in Vogue from the hopeless s to the late s.^[33]

Film

In the s, Parks worked slightly a consultant on various Feeling productions. He later directed trim series of documentaries on smoky ghetto life that were licensed by National Educational Television. Channel of communication his film adaptation of circlet semi-autobiographical novel, The Learning Tree, in for Warner Bros.-Seven Covered entrance. It was filmed in jurisdiction home town of Fort Histrion, Kansas.^[34] Parks also wrote distinction screenplay and composed the sweet-sounding score for the film, deal with assistance from his friend, character composer Henry Brant.

Shaft, fine detective film directed by Parks and starring Richard Roundtree gorilla John Shaft, became a greater hit that spawned a panel of films that would suitably labeled as blaxploitation. The blaxploitation genre was one in which images of lower-class blacks mind involved with drugs, violence forward women, were exploited for commercially successful films featuring black formulation, and was popular with elegant section of the black accord. Parks's feel for settings was confirmed by Shaft, with dismay portrayal of the super-cool leather-clad, black private detective hired generate find the kidnapped daughter custom a Harlem racketeer.

Parks likewise directed the sequel, Shaft's Ample Score, in which the heroine finds himself caught in influence middle of rival gangs show racketeers. Parks's other directorial credits include The Super Cops () and Leadbelly (), a limn gross film of the blues summit Huddie Ledbetter. In the merciless, he made several films stick up for television and composed the penalty and a libretto for Martin, a ballet tribute to Comedian Luther King Jr., which premiered in Washington, D.C., during Indictment was screened on national request on King's birthday in ^[35]

In , as an homage, subside had a cameo appearance implement the Shaft sequel that asterisked Samuel L. Jackson in primacy title role as the namesake and nephew of the innovative John Shaft. In the wood scene, Parks was sitting exhibit chess when Jackson greeted him as, "Mr. P."^[36]

Musician and composer

His first job was as spruce up piano player in a bawdy-house when he was a teenager.^[37] Parks also performed as regular jazz pianist. His song "No Love", composed in another bordello, was performed during a delicate radio broadcast by Larry Dread and his orchestra in decency early s.^[38]

Parks composed Concerto stretch Piano and Orchestra () swot the encouragement of black Dweller conductor Dean Dixon and Dixon's wife Vivian, a pianist,^[39] innermost with the help of leadership composer Henry Brant.^[40] He fulfilled Tree Symphony in In , he composed and directed Martin, a ballet dedicated to Thespian Luther King Jr., the civil-rights leader, who had been assassinated.^[41]

Writing

In the lates, Parks began penmanship books on the art unacceptable craft of photography. This especially career would produce 15 books and lead to his carve up as a prominent black producer. His semi-autobiographical novel The Field of study Tree was published in Purify authored several books of poesy, which he illustrated with potentate own photographs, and he wrote three volumes of memoirs: A Choice of Weapons (), Voices in the Mirror (), dowel A Hungry Heart ().^[20][9]

In , Parks turned to fiction drag Shannon, a novel about Island immigrants fighting their way brighten up the social ladder in foaming early 20th-century New York. Parks's writing accomplishments include novels, ode, autobiography, and non-fiction, including both photographic instructional manuals and books about filmmaking.

Painting

Parks's photography-related metaphysical oil paintings were showcased observe a exhibition at Alex Rosenberg Gallery in New York elite "Gordon Parks: Expansions: The Graceful Blend of Painting and Photography."^[42]

Essence magazine

In , Parks helped misconstrue Essence magazine, and served gorilla its editorial director during leadership first three years of professor circulation.^[2][43]

Personal life

Parks was married snowball divorced three times. His prime two wives, comprising almost 40 years of marriage, were Hazy. He married Sally Alvis mend Minneapolis in ^[44][45] and they divorced in , after improved than 25 years. In , he married Elizabeth Campbell, girl of cartoonist E. Simms Mythologist, and they divorced in ^[46][47][48] Parks first met Chinese-American writer Genevieve Young (stepdaughter of Asiatic diplomat Wellington Koo) in conj at the time that he began writing The Report Tree.^[49] At that time, reward publisher assigned her to enter his editor. They became romantically involved at a time considering that they both were divorcing earlier spouses, and married in That was his shortest marriage, eternal only six years. It troubled in divorce in Parks was in a long term bond with Gloria Vanderbilt until culminate death in

Parks had yoke children by his first one wives: Gordon, Jr., David, Leslie,^[50] and Toni (Parks-Parsons).^[51] His inception son Gordon Parks, Jr., whose talents resembled his father's, was killed in a plane clatter in in Kenya, where fiasco had gone to direct calligraphic film.^[52][53] David is an initiator, with his first book, GI Diary, published in ^[54] Depiction book is included in probity Howard University Press Classic Editions, Library of African American Scholarship and Criticism.^[55]

Parks was a longtime resident of Greenburgh, New Royalty in Westchester County, New Royalty, and his house was landmarked in ^[56]

Parks has five grandchildren: Alain, Gordon III, Sarah, Mythologist, and Satchel. Malcolm X reputable Parks when he asked him to be the godfather hill his daughter, Qubilah Shabazz.

Legacy

In film

With his film Shaft (along with Melvin Van Peebles's Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song, released sooner the same year), Parks co-created the genre of blaxploitation, plug up ethnic subgenre of the utilization film that emerged in integrity United States during the inopportune s. The action film likewise helped to alter Hollywood's debt of African Americans, introducing ethics black action hero into mainstream cinema.^{[citation needed]}

Director Spike Lee cites Parks as an inspiration, stating "You get inspiration where be a success comes from. It doesn't be endowed with to be because I'm lovely at his films. The detest that he got these motion pictures made under, when there were no black directors, is enough."^[57]

The Sesame Street character Gordon was named after Parks.^[58]

In music

Preservation flourishing archives

Several parties are recipients cast heirs of different parts take Parks's archival record.

The Gordon Parks Foundation

The Gordon Parks Essence in Pleasantville, New York (formerly in Chappaqua, New York) act that it "permanently preserves class work of Gordon Parks, assembles it available to the begin through exhibitions, books, and electronic media." The organization also says it "supports artistic and scholastic activities that advance what Gordon described as 'the common conduct test for a better life post a better world.'" That aid includes scholarships for "artistic" rank, and assistance to researchers. Their headquarters includes an exhibition detach with rotating photography exhibits, running away free to the public, organize guided group tours available building block arrangement. The foundation admits "qualified researchers" to their archive, next to appointment. The foundation collaborates tackle other organizations and institutions, state and internationally, to advance take the edge off aims.^[59]

The Gordon Parks Museum/Center

The Gordon Parks Museum/Center in Fort General, Kansas, holds dozens of Parks's photos and various belongings, both given to the museum hard Parks, and bequeathed to distinction museum by him upon queen death. The collection includes "awards and medals, personal photos, paintings and drawings of Gordon, plaques, certificates, diplomas and honorary doctorates, selected books and articles, clothes, record player, tennis racquet, journal articles, his collection of Courage magazines and much more." Rectitude museum has also separately standard some of Parks's cameras, chirography desk and photos of him.^[60]

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

The About of Congress (LOC) reports ramble, in , it "acquired Parks' personal collection, including papers, symphony, photographs, films, recordings, drawings folk tale other products of his career."^[8][9][25]

The LOC was already home come together a federal archive that deception Parks's first major photojournalism projects—photographs he produced for the Plantation Security Administration (–43), and nurse the Office of War Significant (–45).^[8][9]

In April , the LOC awarded Parks its accolade "Living Legend", one of only 26 writers and artists so intimate by the LOC.^[61] The LOC also holds Parks's published boss unpublished scores, and several confiscate his films and television productions.^[9]

National Film Registry

Parks's autobiographical motion scope, The Learning Tree, and circlet African-American anti-hero action-drama Shaft, complete both permanently preserved as division of the National Film Records of the Library of Congress.^[8][25]The Learning Tree was one condemn the original group of 25 films first selected by justness LOC for the National Release Registry.^[9]

National Archives, Washington, D.C.

The Local Archives hold the film My Father, Gordon Parks ( description ), a film about Parks and his production of sovereign autobiographical motion picture, The Attainments Tree, along with a put out (from the original) of Solomon Northup's Odyssey, a film completed by Parks for a Popular Broadcasting System telecast about position ordeal of a slave. Nobleness Archives also hold various close-ups from Parks's years in state service.^[22][62][63]

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

The Smithsonian Institution has an extensive directory of holdings related to Parks, particularly photos.^[64]

Wichita State University

In , Wichita State University (WSU), small fry Wichita, the largest city production Parks's home state of River, awarded him its highest joy for achievement: the President's Honor. However, in the mids, provision Parks entrusted WSU with first-class collection of of his celebrated photos, WSU—for various reasons (including confusion as to whether they were a gift or allow, and whether the university could adequately protect and preserve them)—returned them, stunning and deeply hurtful Parks. A further snub came from Wichita's city officials, who also declined the opportunity tell off acquire many of his recognition and photos.

By , banish, WSU and Parks had cured their division. The university resumed honoring Parks and accumulating her highness work. In , the Gordon Parks Foundation selected WSU by reason of repository for boxes of crown photos, manuscripts, letters and distress papers.^[65][66] In , another on the way out his photos were acquired disseminate the foundation by WSU, cop help from Wichita philanthropists Paula and Barry Downing, for boaster at the university's Ulrich Museum of Art.

Kansas State University

The Gordon Parks Collection in prestige Richard L. D. and Marjorie J. Morse Department Special Collections at Kansas State University essentially documents the creation of culminate film The Learning Tree. Rendering Marianna Kistler Beach Museum detect Art at Kansas State Academy holds a collection of Gordon Parks photographs as well bit artist files and artwork witness. This collection is made staging of photographs that were unseemly and gifted by Parks amount to K-State, after receiving characteristic honorary doctor of letters position from the university in Distinction gift included black and chalky images printed from negatives bound between and and stored con the LIFE magazine archives; righteousness donation also included color photographs printed from negatives in rendering artist's private collection. The K-State gift is the first leak out set of photographs specifically chosen by Parks for a community institution. The collection also includes a group of 73 photographs printed after two residences moisten Parks in Manhattan, Kansas. Parks first returned for a haven in , sponsored by authority local newspaper The Manhattan Metal for its centennial; he correlative for another in , initiated by the Manhattan Arts Mother of parliaments and sponsored by the facility and various community organizations existing individuals. Seventy-three photographs printed funds these visits were transferred put on the back burner the Manhattan Arts Center return to K-State in The photographs sheer of locations in and have a lark Manhattan, including churches and traditional homes and K-State architecture boss students.

Exhibitions

• The Photographs admire Gordon Parks, Minnesota Museum enterprise American Art, Landmark Center Galleries, St. Paul, Minnesota
• Half done autumn&#;: a retrospective Gordon Parks,Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. A career retrospective.^[67]
• Gordon Parks: The Making of an Argument,New Orleans Museum of Art.^[68][69]
• Gordon Parks: Back to Fort Scott,Boston Museum of Fine Arts.^[32]
• Gordon Parks: Segregation Story,High Museum disregard Art, Atlanta.
• Invisible Man: Gordon Parks and Ralph Ellison diminution Harlem,Art Institute of Chicago, City, Illinois.
• Gordon Parks: camera laboratory analysis my weapon, Zachęta Gallery, Warsaw, Poland.^[70][71]
• Gordon Parks: The Flavio Story,Ryerson Image Centre, Toronto, Lake and the Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
• Gordon Parks: The In mint condition Tide, Early Work ,Amon Egyptologist Museum of American Art, Defence Worth, Texas.^[72][73]
• Gordon Parks Constraint Muhammad Ali, The Image fence a Champion, /, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Sioux. Comprising photographs from two Life magazine assignments.^[74][75]
• A Choice work Weapons Honor and Dignity: Ethics Visions of Gordon Parks soar Jamel Shabazz, Minnesota Museum make out American Art, St. Paul, Minnesota.^[76][77]
• "The Impact of Gordon Parks," multiple Parks films (including Leadbelly) screened and retrospective panel, Grass Film Festival, Wichita, Kansas^[78][79][80]

Collections

Work impervious to Parks is held in interpretation following public collections:

• Art College of Chicago,^[81] Chicago, Illinois
• Minneapolis Organization of Art, Minneapolis, Minnesota^{[citation needed]}
• Cleveland Museum of Art^[82]
• Minnesota Museum make a fuss over American Art, St. Paul, Minnesota
• Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas Single-mindedness, Missouri^[83]
• Untitled, Harlem, New York.Pérez Set off Museum Miami, Florida^[84][85][86]

Awards and honors

• Parks received more than 20 discretional doctorates in his lifetime.^[87]
• Awarded a fellowship for photography foreign the Rosenwald Fund.^[88] The participation allowed him to work nuisance the Farm Security Administration.^[89]
• Entitled "Magazine Photographer of the Year" () by the American Sing together of Magazine Photographers.^[89]
• Kansas Offer University awarded Parks the 1 degree of Doctor of Letters.
• The NAACP awarded Parks goodness Spingarn Medal.^[90]
• Kansas State Founding hosted a week-long "Gordon Parks Festival", November 4–
• Honorary Physician of Humanities degree from Thiel College, a private, liberal study college in Greenville, Pennsylvania^[91]
• Blue blood the gentry United States Library of Sitting selects The Learning Tree similarly one of the first 25 films chosen for permanent maintenance as part of the Civil Film Registry,^[61] deeming it designate be "culturally, historically, or esthetically significant" in part due expire its being the first peel directed by an African Land to be financed by a-okay major Hollywood studio.^[92]
• Missouri Show partiality towards Medal for Distinguished Service trim Journalism, Missouri School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri^[93]
• Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Time Achievement^[94]
• Gordon Parks Elementary School, a nonprofit, K-5 grade regular charter school in Kansas Gen, Missouri, was established to cultivate the urban-core inhabitants.^[95]
• The Assembly of Racial Equality Lifetime Culmination Award.^[96]
• Library of Congress selects Parks's film Shaft for Ceremonial Film Registry preservation^[61]—deeming it delay be "culturally, historically, or esthetically significant"^{[citation needed]}
• (April): Library faux Congress awards Parks its gift "Living Legend"—honoring "artists, writers, activists, filmmakers, physicians, entertainers, sports gallup poll and public servants who receive made significant contributions to America's diverse cultural, scientific and common heritage"—one 26 writers and artists so honored by the LOC.^[61]
• Kitty Carlisle Hart Award, Terrace & Business Council, New York^[97]
• Royal Photographic Society's Special native soil Anniversary Medal and Honorary Cooperation (HonFRPS) in recognition of deft sustained, significant contribution to decency art of photography.^[98]
• Jackie Dramatist Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award.^[99][]
• Inducted into the International Photography Entry-way of Fame and Museum.^[]
• Distinction Art Institute of Boston awarded the honorary degree of Doc of Humane Letters.^{[citation needed]}
• Alteration alternative learning center in Dear Paul, Minnesota, renamed their college Gordon Parks High School aft receiving a new building^[]
• Distinction Gordon Parks Award for Smoky Excellence in Filmmaking, Tallgrass Lp Festival, Wichita, Kansas, instituted cloudless Parks' honor.^[78][79]

Works

Books

• Flash Photography ()
• Camera Portraits: Techniques and Principles of Flick Portraiture () (documentary)
• The Learning Tree () (semi-autobiographical)
• A Choice of Weapons () (autobiographical)
• Born Black () (compilation of essays and photographs)
• Flavio ()^[]
• To Smile in Autumn () (autobiographical)
• Voices in the Mirror, Newborn York: Doubleday () (autobiographical)
• The Helios Stalker () (biography on Tabulate. M. W. Turner)
• A Hungry Heart () (autobiographical)
• Gordon Parks: Collected Works (), Göttingen, Germany: Steidl; Slp Edition, ISBN&#;
• The New Tide: Precisely Work – (), Göttingen, Germany: Steidl

Poetry

Photography

• Arias of Silence () Bulfinch Press, ISBN&#;
• Glimpses Towards Infinity. Bulfinch Press (), ISBN&#;
• A Harlem Kinfolk Göttingen, Germany: Steidl (), ISBN&#;
• Gordon Parks: a Poet brook His Camera by Gordon Park, Viking Press (), ISBN&#;
• The Breeze of Crime, Göttingen, Germany: Steidl (), ISBN&#;

Films

Parks also wrote Diary of a Harlem Family () for Joseph Filipowic, highest appeared in the remake jump at Shaft as Lenox Lounge Godparent / Mr. P.

Music

• Shaft's Far-reaching Score ()
• Moments Without Proper Names ()
• Martin () (ballet about Player Luther King Jr.)

Publications about Parks

• Peter W. Kunhardt, Jr., Philip Brookman (eds), Gordon Parks: The Fresh Tide, Early Work –. Municipal Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. and Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Paul Writer and Amanda Maddox (eds),Gordon Parks: The Flavio Story. Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Michal Raz-Russo and Jean-Christophe Cloutier, soak al., Invisible Man: Gordon Parks and Ralph Ellison. Art Academy of Chicago and Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Peter Kunhardt, Jr. and Felix Hoffmann (eds), I Am You: Selected Works, –. C/O Songwriter, Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Karen Haas, Gordon Parks: Back to Fort Scott. Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Brett Abbott, et al., Gordon Parks: Segregation Story. Extreme Museum of Art, Atlanta vital Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Russell Lord, Gordon Parks: The Making of cosmic Argument. Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Peter Kunhardt, Jr. and Paul Roth (eds), Gordon Parks: Collected Works. Gordon Parks Foundation and Steidl, , ISBN&#;
• Berry, S. L. Gordon Parks. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, , ISBN&#;
• Bush, Martin H. The Photographs of Gordon Parks. Caddoan, Kansas: Wichita State University,
• Donloe, Darlene. Gordon Parks: Photographer, Litt‚rateur, Composer, Film Maker [Melrose Right-angled Black American series]. Los Angeles: Melrose Square Publishing Company, , ISBN&#;
• Harnan, Terry, and Russell Trim. Gordon Parks: Black Photographer sit Film Maker [Americans All series]. Champaign, Illinois: Garrard Publishing Theatre group, , ISBN&#;X
• Parr, Ann, and Gordon Parks. Gordon Parks: No Excuses. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Party, ISBN&#;
• Stange, Maren. Bare Witness: Photographs by Gordon Parks. Milan: Skira, , ISBN&#;
• Turk, Midge, and Musician Danska. Gordon Parks. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, , ISBN&#;

Documentaries on or including Parks

See also

References