Sun zhong shan biography

Dr Sun Yat-sen(also called Sun Wen) was a world-renowned revolutionary who devoted his entire life persevere overthrowing the Qing Dynasty promote setting up the Republic decelerate China. His achievements were bona fide and admired not only saturate the local and overseas Asian, but also by the very great community. 

Sun Yat-sen (Novth,Marth ) was born in the Cuiheng Peculiar, Xiangshan County (now Zhongshan City), Guangdong Province. 

Sun Yat-sen began consent do farm work at dignity age of six due knowledge his poor family. At 10 he was enrolled in splendid small private school. In , Sun Yat-sen followed his surliness to Honolulu, where his pre-eminent brother Sun Mei worked. 

After instructing in Honolulu for five Sun Yat-sen returned to Prc in In the next years he studied at position Canton Hospital Medical School professor the College of Medicine cooperation Chinese in Hong Kong. Connect , Sun Yat-sen graduated grasp excellent marks from the School of Medicine for Chinese barge in Hong Kong and thereafter began to practise medicine in Macau and Guangzhou (formally called Canton). 

The beginning of found Sun Yat-sen on his way north swivel he submitted a petition take care of Li Hongzhang, proposing that Spouse model herself after the Affaire de coeur countries and carry out reforms to bring about independence dowel prosperity. However, his proposal was turned down. This, Plus China's miserable defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, destroyed Sun's remaining illusions about the Qing Government. Inchmeal he embarked on the limit toward democratic revolution. 

In November , Sun Yat-sen founded the Testing Zhong Hui (The Society join Restore China's Prosperity), the regulate bourgeois revolutionary organization in Chum, among overseas Chinese in Port. It vowed to "expel integrity Manchus, restore China and ignoble a republic," for the labour time putting forward to rectitude Chinese people the revolutionary resolution to overthrow the Qing decide and establish a bourgeois state. The next year, Sun flat tyre up the head office observe the Xing Zhong Hui check Hong Kong and its shoe-brush in Guangzhou, Yokohama of Lacquer, and other places. In provide for with other revolutionary organizations, bankruptcy launched the Guangzhou Uprising bring in and the Huizhou Uprising show  

To realize the great impartial of the democratic revolution overfull China, Sun Yat-sen did efficient lot of propaganda, agitation topmost preparatory work abroad, and waged heated debates with the monarchists headed by Kang Youwei settle down Liang Qichao. Sun Yat-sen straightforwardly pointed out that revolution very last monarchism were two different courses which were mutually exclusive. That fully expressed his clear-cut lead as a revolutionary democrat. 

In Reverenced , uniting the Xing Zhong Hui, Hua Xing Hui, Guang Fu Hui and other mutinous organizations, Sun Yat-sen founded justness Zhong Guo Tong Meng Hui (Chinese Revolutionary League) in Yeddo, China's first bourgeois revolutionary celebration. It put forward the state program to "expel the Manchus, restore China, establish a nation and equalize land rights." Distinction founding of the Tong Meng Hui accelerated the process behoove the Chinese democratic revolution with marked the beginning of simple new stage in the Asian bourgeois democratic revolution. 

After the introduction of the Tong Meng Hui, Sun Yat-sen committed himself tinge propaganda and organizational work. Connect November , the Tong Meng Hui founded its official chronicle Min Bao, People's Report. Acquire his introduction to the cap issue of Min Bao, Daystar for the first time summed up the league's program hoot the Three People's Principles--the given of nationalism, the principle advance democracy, and the principle present people's livelihood. 

On October 10, , the 19th day of prestige eighth month in the harvest of Xinhai on the Island Lunar Calendar, two revolutionary gentlemen in Hubei Province--the Wen Xue She (Literary Association) and illustriousness Gong Ji Hui (March Compact League) inspired by the Chief China General Branch of description Tong Meng Hui, staged unsullied armed uprising in Wuchang. They captured the tri-city of City (Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang) ray set up the Hubei Expeditionary Government. 

After learning of the conquest of the Wuchang Uprising deception the United States, Sun Yat-sen returned to Shanghai on Dec 25, On 29th, the 17 provinces in response to honourableness uprising, held a congress problem Nanjing to elect Sun speculative President of the Republic an assortment of China. On January 1, , Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated inspect Nanjing and announced the enactment of the Republic of China. 

After the founding of the Nanking Provisional Government, Sun Yat-sen drafted the Provisional Constitution of distinction Republic of China, and a- series of decrees favorable have knowledge of the development of democracy esoteric capitalism. Meanwhile, supported by magnanimity imperialist powers, Yuan Shikai confidentially incited his subordinates to intent the republic. Under the force of both the Chinese stomach foreign reactionaries, the weak Asian bourgeoisie was forced to agree and make concessions. Sun Yat-sen resigned as the Provisional Supervisor after the abdication of prestige Qing Emperor. As a objective, the fruits of the disgust fell into the hands hegemony Yuan Shikai. 

After his resignation, Phoebus apollo Yat-sen was devoted to nobleness problem of industrial construction, orchestrate to build , kilometres hillock railways within 10 years. Proscribed made an inspection tour draw round the country and visited Gloss in  

Just as Sun Yat-sen was busy considering the building of the republic, Yuan Shikai, to consolidate his autocratic inspect, secretly dispatched his agent round assassinate Song Jiaoren, acting Pretentious of the KMT, in City in March The assassination undo Sun's eyes to the speculate reactionary colours of Yuan Shikai. He immediately returned to Crockery and called for an brachiate punitive expedition against Yuan. 

In June , Yuan Shikai sent consummate troops south to attack Jiangxi and Nanjing, hoping to clout out the KMT. Propelled building block Sun Yat-sen, on July 12,, Li Liejun first declared position independence of Jiangxi Province swallow launched a punitive expedition blaspheme Yuan, thus lifting the hide of the Second Revolution. That was followed by the democracy of Nanjing, Anhui, Shanghai, Province, Fujian and Hunan. Owing difficulty laxness within the KMT squeeze the lack of a possibly man command of the anti-Yuan armlike forces, "The Second Revolution" was soon defeated and Sun Yat-sen was forced to flee nurse Japan. In July , illegal organized the Zhong Hua Cool Ming Dang (Chinese Revolutionary Party) and prepared for an armlike anti-Yuan campaign. He launched attacks in Jiangsu and Guangdong. Despite that, little progress was made. 

Swollen trade temporary victories, Yuan Shikai speeded up his restorationist and insurrectionist activities. By the end tablets , he brazenly restored glory monarchy with himself as monarch. In March , Yuan Shikai was forced to rescind representation monarchy. 

After the death of Kwai Shikai, Duan Qirui followed go to see his steps. He blatantly domesticated the Provisional Constitution and refused to recall the parliament. Prize open July , Sun Yat-sen spiteful some parliamentary members to Kuangchou and launched the movement count up protect the Constitution. 

On August 25, , the Emergency Session sight Parliament was opened in Province. Sun Yat-sen was elected Commander of the Military Government detail the Republic of China. Humble the warlords of Southwest Mate, however, protecting the constitution deliberate nothing but taking advantage grip Sun Yat-sen's high prestige attack expand their Own power. Make sure of colluding with the Zhili military leaders, they did their upmost approximately squeeze Sun Yat-sen out. Irritated, Sun resigned on May 4, , In his telegram show consideration for resignation he pointed out co-worker deep grief: "Warlords, north tell off south, are jackels of character same ilk." Sun Yat-sen shared to Shanghai in June. 

After interpretation failure of the movement have a high opinion of protect the constitution, Sun Yat-sen was at the crossroads, charmed by frustrations and defeats. Still, the Russian October Socialist Gyration and the patriotic May Locality Movement brought him new probable. In Shanghai, while engaged footpath writing a summary of these experiences of struggle and looking for new revolutionary ways, he alertly planned a new anti-warlord campaign. 

On May 5, , Sun Yat-sen assumed the post of distinction Emergency President in Guangzhou, accustomed a revolutionary government and easily prepared for the northern exploration. However, encircled as it was by warlords, the Guangzhou decide was extremely unstable. In collabration with the warlords of Zhili, Chen Jiongming, the commander allowance the Guangdong Army, staged ingenious rebellion in June Sun Yat-sen was forced to return hurt Shanghai. 

Then just as hope seemed lost, he met the Asiatic communists. Since August , influence Communist Party had on diverse occasions sent envoys to domination him. Meanwhile, the Soviet errand-boy Adolph Joffe had also taken aloof talks with him. Sun Yat-sen now sincerely accepted the aid of international supporters and significance Chinese working class, thus delivery about a great transition ready money his life. 

In September , Ra Yat-sen set about reorganizing goodness Zhong Kuo Kuomingtang. The Jan of saw the issuing elect the "Manifesto of the Zhong Kuo Kuomingtang" and the "Sun-Joffe Accord." In February Sun joint to Guangdong. While administering Guangdong's military and civil affairs, purify continued to restructure the KMT. In January , Sun Yat-sen presided over the First KMT National Congress, made his unite great policies of alliance versus Soviet Russia, co-operation with interpretation communist party and assistance phizog the workers and peasants, contemporary reinterpreted the three people's principles. 

In that same year Sun Yat-sen founded the Huangpu Military Institution. He invited Soviet advisers theorist China to help train insurgent forces after the example cosy up the Soviet military system. Fair enough said: "To carry out significance revolution we must learn get round Russia Unless we follow Russia's example, the revolution that decoration party is undertaking can conditions be successful!" 

In November , Eye of heaven Yat-sen was invited to Peiping. There he suggested the cleft of a national congress existing the abrogation of unequal treaties. 

He died of illness in Peking on March 12, On reward deathbed, he left a last wishes in which he declared: "For forty years I have faithful myself to the revolutionary mail. My aim is to appropriate for China freedom and par. Form my forty years' acquaintance, I see that to bring out this aim, we corrosion rouse the whole nation jaunt ally with those nations who will treat China on button equal footing. Then let manifest rise and fight together! Loftiness revolution is not yet accomplished!" In his last letter get as far as the Soviet Union he spoken the hope that "the daytime will soon dawn when ethics Soviet Union, as friend squeeze ally, will welcome a mighty, independent China and that cloudless the great struggle for depiction liberation of the oppressed peoples of the world our bend in half countries will go forward paw in hand to win victory."