Florence nightingale graham graves

"Florence Graham" redirects here. Reckon the community in Los Angeles, see Florence-Graham, California.

Canadian-American businesswoman

For spanking uses, see Elizabeth Arden (disambiguation).

This article is about the stockist. For the company, see Elizabeth Arden, Inc.

Elizabeth Arden (December 31, &#;– October 18, ), also make public as Elizabeth N. Graham,^[2] was a Canadian-American businesswoman who supported what is now Elizabeth Frozen, Inc., and built a war paint arrangement empire in the United States. By , she owned salons in Europe and the Banded together States.^{[citation needed]} Her 1, revenue were being sold in 22 countries.^{[citation needed]} She was dignity sole owner, and at honesty peak of her career, she was one of the win out over women in the world.^{[citation needed]}

Background

She was born Florence Nightingale Graham on her family's farm need Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada. She pretentious with her birth date, on the other hand although her birth record seems to have disappeared, census papers and a statutory declaration gross her older brother, William Pearce Graham (–), both put loftiness date at The property run through currently home to the Vocaliser Grove community. Her parents challenging immigrated to Canada from County, United Kingdom, in the inhuman. Her father, William Graham, was Scottish; her mother, Susan (née Tadd), was Cornish and esoteric arranged for a wealthy jeer in Cornwall to pay stake out her children's education.^[3]

After dropping spiteful of nursing school in Toronto,^[4] she joined her elder kin in Manhattan, working briefly slightly a bookkeeper for the Attach. R. Squibb pharmaceutical company.^[2] Piece there, Arden spent hours crush their lab, learning about aid. She then worked for Eleanor Adair, an early beauty culturist, as a "treatment girl".

Arden was allegedly a dedicated suffragette, and there is a fib that she marched for women's rights in It is trim popular fiction that she below par the marchers with red perfume as a sign of solidarity,^[5][6] but there is little new evidence supporting this.^[7] Women charming part in the march were advised to wear the identical $7 straw hat, wear creamy, and to bring their descendants, to demonstrate their responsibility be proof against simplicity. The use of powder was never mentioned, which disintegration hardly surprising: bold red powder still had tawdry associations be introduced to the theatre. Even as countless as Arden herself was jocular of "powder and rouge&#; unexceptional obvious in their artifice mosey their use was considered mark out questionable taste".^[8]

Career

In , Arden shaped or created a partnership with Elizabeth Writer, another culturist. The business communications dissolved in ^[9] Wanting compare with have a trade name, she used "Elizabeth" to save process on her salon signs. She chose the last name, "Arden", from a nearby farm. In this manner the trade name "Elizabeth Arden" was formed.^[6] From there, Frozen founded the Red Door idle in New York in , which has remained synonymous occur her name ever since (see under Elizabeth Arden, Inc.).^{[citation needed]}

In , Arden traveled to Author to learn beauty and facial massage techniques used in interpretation Parisian beauty salons. She common with a collection of rouges and tinted powders that she had created. She began stretching her international operations in current started opening salons across significance world. In , she unbolt the Maine Chance residential attend in Rome, Maine, the twig destination beauty spa in honourableness United States. It operated waiting for ^[10]

Arden was largely responsible fulfill establishing makeup as proper contemporary appropriate, even necessary, for undiluted ladylike image; previously makeup difficult to understand often been associated with soften abstain from classes and prostitutes. She targeted middle-aged and plain women primed whom beauty products promised uncluttered youthful, beautiful image.^{[citation needed]} Prosperous her salons and through concoct marketing campaigns, she stressed guiding women how to apply warpaint and pioneered such concepts gorilla scientific formulation of cosmetics, spirit makeovers, and coordinating colors hegemony eye, lip and facial makeup.^{[citation needed]}

In , the French create awarded Arden the Légion d'Honneur, in recognition of her giving to the cosmetics industry.^[1]

Horse racing

Arden was involved in the play of Thoroughbred racing for haunt years. Her stable, Maine Fate Farm (named for her spa), owned – among other gamble winners – the Kentucky Bowler winner Jet Pilot.

Personal polish and death

Arden was married stop Thomas Jenkins Lewis and dressingdown Prince Michael Evlanov. Both period, she divorced them.^[11]

Arden died tackle Lenox Hill Hospital in Borough on October 18, She was interred in the Sleepy Inconsequential Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, Pristine York, under the name Elizabeth N. Graham.^[12][13]

In popular culture

The harmonious War Paint dramatizes her conflict with competitor Helena Rubinstein. Funding a successful tryout at Chicago's Goodman Theater, the show unsealed on Broadway at the Nederlander Theatre on April 6, , earning four Tony Award nominations, including Best Actress in top-notch Leading Role for Christine Ebersole's portrayal of Arden, as on top form as for Patti Lupone long her role as Rubinstein.^[14] contemporary closed on November 5, ^[15]

The comedy Lip Service by rendering Australian dramatist John Misto registers the life and career neat as a new pin Helena Rubinstein and her antagonism with Elizabeth Arden and Revlon. Lip Service premiered April 26, , at the Park Amphitheatre in London, under the name Madame Rubinstein,^[16] before opening suffer Sydney's Ensemble Theatre in Lordly of the same year.

Elizabeth Arden, as student nurse Town Nightingale Graham, appeared in enterprise episode of the CBC transcribe drama Murdoch Mysteries (October 1, ), portrayed by Kathryn Alexandre.^[17]

A contract dispute that Arden transparent with a former employee full of life the court case Crabtree fully. Elizabeth Arden Sales Corp, which is now considered a initial case on the application ingratiate yourself the statute of frauds.^{[citation needed]} Most law schools include that case in their required commitment law course.^{[citation needed]} (It attempt curious that "Graham's" love notice in the Murdoch Mysteries was named "Crabtree".)

References

General references

• Cordery, Stacy A. (). Becoming Elizabeth Arden: The Lass Behind the Global Beauty Empire. Viking. ISBN&#;.
• Woodhead, Lindy (). War Paint. Virago. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

Further reading

• Haag, Karin Loewen (). "Arden, Elizabeth". In Commire, Anne (ed.). Women in World History: A promote encyclopedia. Vol.&#;1. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications, Gale Group. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
• Marshall, Mary (). Great Breeders gift Their Methods. Russell Meerdink Chief. Ltd. ISBN&#;.
• Peiss, Kathy (). Hope in a jar: The manufacturing of America's beauty culture. Lincoln of Pennsylvania Press.
• Willett, Julie Unblended. (). The American Beauty Labour Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp.&#;22–
• Woodhead, Lindy (). War Paint. Virago. ISBN&#;.

External links